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Parallel universes in physics
Everett's many-worlds interpretation appears within quantum mechanics as a possible solution to the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.. Recently however, It has been proposed that universes adjacent to our own could leave an observable imprint on the microwave background radiation., which would open the possibility of experimentally testing this theory.
Multiverse is a term used to define the multiple existing universes., according to the hypotheses that affirm that there are universes different from our own, and the different universes within the multiverse are sometimes called parallel universes.
Levels
Scientific theories of parallel universes constitute a four-level hierarchy. As the level increases, the different universes differ more from ours. So, In the Level I multiverse the different universes only differ in the initial conditions while in the Level IV multiverse even the physical laws are different.
In the next decade, More precise measurements of the microwave background radiation and large-scale matter distribution will or will not corroborate the Level I multiverse as they will determine the topology and curvature of space.. At the same time, They will also investigate Level II, testing the theory of eternal chaotic inflation. Regarding Level III multiverse exploration, The possible construction of quantum computers in the future can play a crucial role in this regard.. Last, The success or failure of the theory of everything—which would group all known physical phenomena into a single theory—will allow us to take or not side with Level IV..
Level I Multiverse
They would be the different bubbles (universes) that vary only in the initial conditions.
Level II Multiverse
In the Level II multiverse the different bubbles (universes) They vary not only in their initial conditions but in aspects as relevant as the dimensions of spacetime., the qualities of elementary particles and the values that physical constants take. Different bubbles can experience different spontaneous symmetry breaking., which translates into universes with disparate properties.
Level III Multiverse
An interesting consequence of a Level III multiverse is how it affects the nature of time.. While time is traditionally considered a way to describe changes, the existence of parallel worlds that encompass all possible configurations of matter, allows time to be redefined as a way to sequence these various universes. The universes themselves are static, change being a mere illusion.
Level IV Multiverse
The Level IV multiverse considers that all mathematical structures also exist physically. Consequently, This level postulates the existence of all universes that can be defined by mathematical structures. Residing outside of space and time, most of them are empty of observers. In this way, while in Level I multiverses, Level II and Level III the initial conditionals and physical constants vary while the fundamental laws remain invariable., in the Level IV multiverse the latter also change.
Parallel universes in time travel
The existence of parallel universes in time travel, would simplify solutions to possible temporal paradoxes resulting from traveling to the past, in the same timeline, and make changes forcing the state of the future to change. In such a way that the possibility of traveling horizontally to other parallel universes where there would be other timelines is included.. However, for now it's all theories..
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